Ngwa nke nlekota ihe nleba anya na ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta mmiri

N'ime usoro ọgwụgwọ elu nke isi iyi, a na-arụ ọrụ phosphating iji mepụta mkpuchi nchebe nke na-egbochi mmebi. Nke a na-agụnye imikpu isi iyi n'ime ngwọta phosphating nwere ion ígwè dị ka zinc, manganese, na nickel. Site na mmeghachi omume kemịkal, a na-emepụta ihe nkiri nnu phosphate na-adịghị edozi n'elu mmiri.

Usoro a na-emepụta ụdị isi abụọ nke mmiri mkpofu
1. Phosphating Waste Bath Solution: Bath bath phosphating chọrọ ngbanwe oge, na-ebute mmiri mmiri mkpofu dị elu. Ihe ndị na-emerụ emerụ gụnyere zinc, manganese, nickel, na phosphate.
2. Phosphating Rinse Water: Na-esote phosphating, a na-eduzi ọtụtụ usoro nchacha. N'agbanyeghi na ntinye ihe mmetọ dị ala karịa nke ịsa ahụ emefuru, olu dị ukwuu. Mmiri nchacha a nwere zinc, manganese, nickel, na mkpokọta phosphorus, bụ isi iyi nke mmiri mkpofu phosphating na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta mmiri.

Nkọwa zuru ezu nke isi ihe mmetọ:
1. Ígwè – Nke bụ isi ọla mmetọ
Isi mmalite: N'ụzọ bụ isi sitere na usoro nchịkọta acid, ebe a na-eji hydrochloric ma ọ bụ sulfuric acid agwọ ígwè mmiri mmiri iji wepụ ígwè oxide scale (nchara). Nke a na-ebute mgbaze dị ukwuu nke ion ígwè n'ime mmiri mkpofu.
Ebumnuche maka nlekota na njikwa:
- Mmetụta anya: Mgbe a gbasasịrị, ion ferrous oxidize na ion ferric, na-eme ka ferric hydroxide na-acha ọbara ọbara na-agba aja aja nke na-ebute ọgba aghara na ngbanwe nke ahụ mmiri.
- Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi: ferric hydroxide gbakọtara nwere ike ibido n'akụkụ osimiri, na-akụda ihe ndị dị ndụ benthic ma na-akpaghasị gburugburu ebe obibi mmiri.
- Ihe gbasara akụrụngwa: Nkwụnye ígwè nwere ike ibute mkpọchi ọkpọkọ ma belata arụmọrụ sistemụ.
- Mkpa ọgwụgwọ: N'agbanyeghị nsi ya dị ntakịrị, ígwè na-adịkarị n'ogo dị elu ma nwee ike wepụ ya nke ọma site na nhazi pH na mmiri ozuzo. Ọgwụgwọ mbụ dị mkpa iji gbochie nnyonye anya na usoro mgbada.

2. Zinc na manganese - "Phosphating Pair"
Isi mmalite: Ihe ndị a bụ isi sitere na usoro phosphating, nke dị oke mkpa maka ịkwalite nchara nchara na mkpuchi mkpuchi. Ọtụtụ ndị na-emepụta mmiri na-eji ihe ngwọta phosphating dabeere na zinc ma ọ bụ manganese. Ichacha mmiri na-esote na-ebuga zinc na ion manganese n'ime mmiri na-ekpofu mmiri.
Ebumnuche maka nlekota na njikwa:
- Mmiri mmiri: ọla abụọ ahụ na-egosipụta nsi dị ukwuu na azụ na ihe ndị ọzọ dị n'ime mmiri, ọbụlagodi na obere mkpokọta, na-emetụta uto, mmeputakwa, na nlanarị.
- Zinc: na-emebi ọrụ gill azụ, na-emebi arụmọrụ iku ume.
- Manganese: ikpughe ogologo oge na-eduga na bioaccumulation na mmetụta neurotoxic nwere ike ime.
- Nrube isi n'usoro iwu: Ụkpụrụ mwepu nke mba na nke mba ụwa na-enye oke oke na mkpokọta zinc na manganese. Mwepụ nke ọma na-achọkarị mmiri ozuzo kemịkalụ site na iji reagents alkaline na-emepụta hydroxides na-adịghị ike.

3. Nickel - Igwe igwe dị egwu dị egwu chọrọ iwu siri ike
Isi mmalite:
- Ihe dị na akụrụngwa: Ụfọdụ nchara, gụnyere igwe anaghị agba nchara, nwere nickel, nke na-agbaze n'ime acid n'oge a na-achịkọta.
- Usoro ọgwụgwọ elu: Ụfọdụ pụrụ iche electroplating ma ọ bụ kemịkalụ mkpuchi na-agụnye nickel ogige.
Ebumnuche maka nlekota na njikwa (Mkpa dị oke mkpa):
- Ahụ ike na ihe ize ndụ gburugburu: Nickel na ụfọdụ ogige nickel bụ nkewa dị ka carcinogens nwere ike ime. Ha na-ebutekwa ihe egwu n'ihi nsi ha, ihe ndị na-eme ihe nfụkasị ahụ, na ikike nke bioaccumulation, na-egosi ihe iyi egwu ogologo oge na ahụike mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi.
- Oke mkpofu siri ike: Iwu ndị dị ka "Ọkọlọtọ Mgbasa mmiri agbakwunyere" nke edobere n'etiti oke kacha ala ekwenyere maka nickel (nke na-abụkarị ≤0.5–1.0 mg/L), na-egosipụta ọkwa dị elu nke ihe egwu ya.
- Ihe ịma aka ọgwụgwọ: Ọdịda alkali nkịtị nwere ike ọ gaghị enweta ọkwa nnabata; A na-achọkarị ụzọ dị elu dị ka ndị na-emepụta chelating ma ọ bụ mmiri ozuzo sulfide maka iwepụ nickel dị irè.

Mwepu nke mmiri mkpofu na-adịghị edozi ya ga-ebute oke mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi nke mmiri na ala. Ya mere, ihe mkpofu niile ga-enwerịrị ọgwụgwọ kwesịrị ekwesị na nnwale siri ike iji hụ na nnabata tupu ahapụ ya. Nleba anya n'otu oge n'ebe ọpụpụ na-eje ozi dị ka ihe dị oke mkpa maka ụlọ ọrụ iji mezuo ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi, kwe nkwa nnabata usoro iwu, na ibelata ihe egwu gburugburu ebe obibi na iwu.