Ngwa maka ịgbasa mmiri mkpofu na ụlọ ọrụ na-egbu anụ na nhazi nke Shanghai

E guzobere ụlọ ọrụ na-edozi anụ nke dabeere na Shanghai na 2011 ma dị na mpaghara Songjiang. Azụmahịa ya gụnyere ihe omume ndị enyere ikike dị ka igbu anụ ezi, ịzụ anụ ọkụkọ na anụ ụlọ, nkesa nri, na njem ụgbọ njem (ewezuga ihe ndị dị ize ndụ). Ndị nne na nna, ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na azụmaahịa dabere na Shanghai dị na mpaghara Songjiang, bụ ụlọ ọrụ nkeonwe na-arụ ọrụ ugbo ezì. Ọ na-elekọta ugbo ezì anọ buru ibu, na-ejizi ihe dị ka mkpụrụ osisi 5,000 nwere ikike mmepụta kwa afọ nke ruru 100,000 dị njikere ahịa. Na mgbakwunye, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-arụkọ ọrụ na ugbo 50 gburugburu ebe obibi na-ejikọta ịkụ ihe ọkụkụ na ịzụ anụmanụ.

Mmiri mkpofu a na-esi n'ebe a na-egbu anụ ezi nwere nnukwu ihe na-edozi ahụ. Ọ bụrụ na a hapụghị ya, ọ na-etinye nnukwu ihe egwu na sistemu mmiri, ala, ịdị mma ikuku, na gburugburu ebe obibi sara mbara. Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi bụ isi bụ ndị a:

1. Mmetọ mmiri (ihe kacha pụta ozugbo na nke siri ike)
Ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ n'ụlọ anụ nwere ọgaranya na ihe ndị na-emerụ emerụ na nri. Mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya kpọmkwem n'ime osimiri, ọdọ mmiri, ma ọ bụ ọdọ mmiri, ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe ndị dị ka ọbara, abụba, nsị anụ ahụ, na ihe ndị fọdụrụ n'ihe oriri - bụ ụmụ nje na-emebi emebi, usoro na-eri oke oxygen gbazere (DO). Mbelata nke DO na-eduga na ọnọdụ anaerobic, na-ebute ọnwụ nke ihe ndị dị ndụ n'ime mmiri dị ka azụ na oporo n'ihi hypoxia. Ọkpụkpọ anaerobic na-arụpụtakwa ikuku ọjọọ—gụnyere hydrogen sulfide, amonia, na mercaptans—na-eme ka mmiri na-agbanwe agba na isi na-adịghị mma, na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịdị irè maka nzube ọ bụla.

Mmiri mkpofu ahụ nwekwara ọkwa dị elu nke nitrogen (N) na phosphorus (P). Mgbe ị banyere n'ime mmiri, nri ndị a na-akwalite oke ibu nke algae na phytoplankton, na-eduga na okooko osisi algal ma ọ bụ tides na-acha uhie uhie. Mbibi nke algae nwụrụ anwụ na-esote na-eme ka ikuku oxygen na-ebelata, na-eme ka ahụ ghara ịdị n'ime ala mmiri. Mmiri Eutrophic na-ahụta ogo adịghị mma wee bụrụ nke na-ekwesịghị ekwesị maka ịṅụ mmanya, ịgba mmiri, ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.

Ọzọkwa, ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ nwere ike ibu microorganisms pathogenic-gụnyere nje bacteria, nje, na akwa nje (dịka Escherichia coli na Salmonella) - sitere na eriri afọ anụmanụ na nsị. Ọrịa ndị a nwere ike gbasaa site na mmiri na-asọ asọ, na-emerụ isi mmiri dị n'okpuru ala, na-abawanye ohere nke mbufe ọrịa zoonotic, na itinye ahụike ọha n'ihe egwu.

2. Mmetọ ala
Ọ bụrụ na a na-agbapụta mmiri na-ekpofu ahịhịa ozugbo n'ime ala ma ọ bụ jiri ya mee mmiri mmiri, ihe siri ike na abụba kwụsịtụrụ nwere ike kụchie pores nke ala, na-akpaghasị nhazi nke ala, na-ebelata ikesa, na imebi mmepe mgbọrọgwụ. Ọnụnọ nke ọgwụ nje, ihe ncha, na ọla dị arọ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọla kọpa na zinc) sitere na nri anụmanụ nwere ike ịgbakọba n'ime ala ka oge na-aga, na-agbanwe akụrụngwa physicochemical ya, na-ebute salinization ma ọ bụ nsi, na-eme ka ala ghara ịdị mma maka ọrụ ugbo. Ngwongwo nitrogen na phosphorus karịrị ike ị nweta ihe ọkụkụ nwere ike ibute mmebi ihe ọkụkụ ("ọkụ fatịlaịza") ma nwee ike ịbanye n'ime mmiri ala, na-ebute ihe egwu.

3. Mmetọ ikuku
N'okpuru ọnọdụ anaerobic, mwepu mmiri na-emebi emebi na-ebute ikuku na-emerụ ahụ ma na-emerụ ahụ dị ka hydrogen sulfide (H₂S, nke akwa akwa rere ure mara), amonia (NH₃), amines, na mercaptans. Ọ bụghị nanị na ihe ọkụkụ ndị a na-emepụta ísì ọjọọ na-emetụta obodo ndị dị nso kamakwa na-ebute ihe egwu ahụike; nnukwu mkpokọta H₂ na-egbu egbu ma nwee ike igbu mmadụ. Ọzọkwa, a na-emepụta methane (CH₄), gas na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ nke nwere ike ime ihe karịrị okpukpu abụọ nke carbon dioxide, n'oge mgbari anaerobic, na-enye aka na mgbanwe ihu igwe.

Na China, a na-ahazi mkpofu mmiri mkpofu n'ụlọ anụ n'okpuru usoro ikike chọrọ irube isi na oke ikuku nwere ikike. Ụlọ ọrụ ga-agbasosi ike n'ụkpụrụ ikike ịwepu ihe na-emetọ mmiri ma mezuo ihe achọrọ nke "Ụkpụrụ Ntufu Mmiri maka Ụlọ Ọrụ Nhazi anụ" (GB 13457-92), yana ụkpụrụ mpaghara ọ bụla nwere ike ịka njọ.

A na-enyocha nrube isi n'ụkpụrụ mwepu site na nleba anya na-aga n'ihu nke isi ihe ise: achọrọ oxygen oxygen (COD), amonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), mkpokọta phosphorus (TP), mkpokọta nitrogen (TN), na pH. Ihe ngosi ndị a na-eje ozi dị ka ihe nrịbama arụ ọrụ maka ịtụle arụmọrụ nke usoro ọgwụgwọ mmiri mkpofu-gụnyere sedimentation, nkewa mmanụ, ọgwụgwọ ndu, iwepụ ihe oriri, na mkpochapụ - na-eme mgbanwe n'oge iji hụ na mwepu na-ekpo ọkụ na-adabere na ya.

Chọrọ ikuku oxygen (COD):COD na-atụ mkpokọta ihe organic oxidizable na mmiri. Ụkpụrụ COD dị elu na-egosi mmetọ organic ka ukwuu. Mmiri mkpofu anụ ụlọ, nwere ọbara, abụba, protein, na fecal, na-egosipụtakarị mkpokọta COD sitere na 2,000 ruo 8,000 mg/L ma ọ bụ karịa. Nleba anya COD dị mkpa maka nyochaa arụmọrụ nke iwepụ ibu organic na ịhụ na usoro ọgwụgwọ mmiri na-ekpofu na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma n'ime oke gburugburu ebe obibi.

Amonia Nitrogen (NH₃-N): Oke a na-egosipụta ntinye nke amonia efu (NH₃) na ion ammonium (NH₄⁺) na mmiri. Nitrification nke amonia na-eri ikuku oxygen gbazere nke ukwuu ma nwee ike iduga ikuku oxygen. Amonia efu na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu na ndụ mmiri ọbụlagodi na obere mkpokọta. Ọzọkwa, amonia na-eje ozi dị ka isi iyi na-edozi ahụ maka uto algal, na-enye aka na eutrophication. Ọ na-esite na ndakpọ nke mmamịrị, nsị, na protein dị na mmiri mkpofu ụlọ anụ. Nleba anya NH₃-N na-eme ka usoro nitrification na denitrification na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma ma na-ebelata ihe egwu gburugburu ebe obibi na ahụike.

Ngụkọta nitrogen (TN) na mkpokọta phosphorus (TP):TN na-anọchi anya nchikota ụdị nitrogen niile (amonia, nitrate, nitrite, organic nitrogen), ebe TP na-agụnye ogige phosphorus niile. Ha abụọ bụ ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ ala mbụ nke eutrophication. Mgbe a na-ebuba ya n'ime mmiri na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ dị ka ọdọ mmiri, ọdọ mmiri, na estuaries, ihe ndị nwere nitrogen- na phosphorus na-eme ka uto algal na-agbawa agbawa-dị ka mmiri fatịlaịza-na-eduga n'oge ntoju algal. Iwu mmiri mkpofu ọgbara ọhụrụ na-amanye oke siri ike na mkpofu TN na TP. Ileba anya n'ihe ndị a na-enyocha ịdị irè nke teknụzụ na-ewepụ ihe na-edozi ahụ ma na-enyere aka igbochi mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi.

- pH uru:pH na-egosi acidity ma ọ bụ alkalinity nke mmiri. Ọtụtụ ihe ndị dị n'ime mmiri na-adị ndụ n'ime oke pH dị warara (nke bụ 6-9). Ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ nke nwere oke acidic ma ọ bụ alkaline nwere ike imebi ndụ mmiri ma mebie nguzozi nke gburugburu ebe obibi. Maka osisi na-edozi mmiri na-ekpofu mmiri, idowe pH kwesịrị ekwesị dị oke mkpa maka ịrụ ọrụ kachasị mma nke usoro ọgwụgwọ ndu. Nleba anya pH na-aga n'ihu na-akwado nkwụsi ike nke usoro yana nnabata usoro iwu.

Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ etinyela ngwa nleba anya n'ịntanetị ndị a sitere na Boqu Instruments na ebe a na-ewepụ ya:
- CODG-3000 Online Akpaaka Chemical Oxygen Nlebaanya
- NHNG-3010 Amonia Nitrogen Online akpaaka nlekota oru
- TPG-3030 mkpokọta phosphorus n'ịntanetị akpaaka nyocha
- TNG-3020 mkpokọta Nitrogen Online akpaaka nyocha
- PHG-2091 pH Online akpaaka nyocha

Amonia Nitrogen Online akpaaka nlekota oru

Mgbakọta phosphorus Nitrogen Online akpaaka nyocha

Ndị nyocha ndị a na-enyere aka nleba anya nke COD, nitrogen amonia, mkpokọta phosphorus, mkpokọta nitrogen, na ọkwa pH n'ime ikuku. Ihe omuma a na-akwado ntule nke mmetọ organic na ihe oriri, nyocha nke ihe egwu gburugburu ebe obibi na nke oha na eze, na ime mkpebi doro anya gbasara usoro ọgwụgwọ. Ọzọkwa, ọ na-enye ohere maka njikarịcha usoro ọgwụgwọ, arụmọrụ ka mma, mbelata ụgwọ ọrụ, mbelata mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi, na nrube isi na ụkpụrụ gburugburu ebe obibi nke mba na mpaghara.